Publishing Design: Full Compilation

24/09/2025 – 30/12/2025 (Week 1 – Week 14)

Valerius Ethan Wirawan / 0372774

Publishing Design / Creative Media / School of Design


TABLE OF CONTENT

1. Lectures
2. Instructions
3. Process Work
4. Final Outcome
5. Feedback
6. Reflection
7. Further Reading


1. LECTURES

All pre-lecture materials are the intellectual property of Mr. Vinod Nair.

1.1. Lecture 1 (Publishing Design: Formats)

Designing a book requires a comprehensive understanding of typography, space, details, and publishing softwares.

Factors influencing the format of a book include:

  • Size of the target audience: For example, designing smaller books for children, with considerations for age and handling.

  • Content type: Visual-heavy books like maps or diagrams require larger formats to accommodate images and details.

  • Content volume: Large directories or extensive texts necessitate thicker, lighter pages to manage weight and cost.

  • Format components: Includes paper type, binding, size, and material, all tailored to the purpose and content.

Fig. 1.1.1. Lecture 1

Historical formats across civilizations:

  • Mesopotamia (Iraq & Iran): Record-keeping originated from accounting technology, with early tablets from 7000–8000 BC used for bookkeeping, evolving to include written records on clay tablets with cuneiform (~2600 BC).

Fig. 1.1.2. Mesopotamia Clay Tablets
  • Indus Valley (India-Pakistan-Afganistan): Used clay tablets and later cuneiform on soft clay for government, religion, and trade records (~2600 BC). Palm leaf manuscripts appeared around 800–900 BC, carved with stylus and soot, surviving in dry climates.

Fig. 1.1.3. Indus Valley Soft Clay Tablets
  • Ancient Egypt: Oldest civilization with hieroglyphics written on papyrus, a plant-based material, often on walls or papyrus scrolls. Scribes were the only ones who could read/write hieroglyphics, and writing was painstaking, often in cursive hieratic script (~3000 BC).

Fig. 1.1.4. Egyptians Hieroglyphics on Papyrus Paper
  • China: Early writing on bamboo strips in vertical columns, with the modern character evolving from pictograms (~105 BC). The earliest printed book is the Diamond Sutra (868 AD), printed on scrolls using woodblock printing which were labor-intensive but revolutionary. Movable type was pioneered later, with significant development in Korea (~1400s), where they created their own script and used brass characters.

Fig. 1.1.5. Chinese Bamboo Book and Wood Block Printing

European printing history:

  • The printing press was developed by Gutenberg, but similar presses existed in China and Korea earlier.

  • European books were expensive due to laborious production, especially with parchment made from animal hides, which involved extensive processing and was costly.

  • Parchment was invented in Turkey (~159 BC), made from animal skins, and used for books. It was heavy and expensive, often reserved for wealthy individuals.

Fig. 1.1.6. Parchment
  • The process involved stretching and scraping animal skins, which was labor-intensive. The use of parchment persisted until the 15th century when paper became widespread.

  • Paper arrived in Europe around the 14th–15th centuries, initially from China via Persia and the Arab world. The earliest European paper was made from rags, and the first printed European book using paper was produced in the late 1400s.


1.2. Lecture 2 (Publishing Design: History of Print)

The history of print began in East Asia, especially in Korea and China. The earliest known printed documents appeared around 750 CE, when Korea produced a Sutra on a single sheet of paper about 750 years after the death of Christ. Printing first used woodblock carving, which was labor-intensive but achieved remarkable results. For example, Buddhist prayer scrolls in Japan around AD 768 took six years to complete and were distributed to pilgrims.

Fig. 1.2.1. Document Printed on Sutra

Chinese printing later advanced with movable type. Clay type was first used but was fragile and difficult because of the 10,000 characters needed. Korea developed bronze movable type around AD 1380, which was stronger and reusable. The creation of the Hangul alphabet in 1443 simplified printing compared to Chinese characters.

Fig. 1.2.2. World's First Printed Ilustration

Woodblock printing was also used for Buddhist texts in China, producing many scrolls and images. A famous example is the Diamond Sutra, the world’s earliest dated printed book from 868 CE, with both text and illustrations. Printing methods spread to Korea and Japan, where they created large works, including the world’s largest stone-engraved book in Myanmar with 729 slabs stored in stupas.

Fig. 1.2.3. Johannes Gutenberg & His Printing

In Europe, woodblock printing started around AD 1400. The breakthrough came with Johannes Gutenberg’s metal movable type between 1440 and 1450 in Strasbourg. This method allowed rapid, repeated printing by arranging reusable metal letters, reducing labor and cost. Gutenberg’s press used steady downward pressure and durable metal alloys. His Gutenberg Bible, printed in the mid-1450s, featured colored initials and gilding.


1.3. Lecture 3 (Publishing Design: Typo Redux)

Type Families & Typefaces

  • Each family has multiple typefaces (small caps, numerals, ligatures, symbols).

  • Includes fractions, mathematical symbols, and glyphs.

  • Accessible in Illustrator and InDesign.

Character Variations

Fig. 1.3.1. Characters in a Typeface
  • Small capitals match x-height, better for acronyms (e.g., TDS).

  • More elegant than full caps in body text.

  • Swashes add decorative flair for invites/headlines, but not for all caps.

Ligatures & Glyphs

Fig. 1.3.2. Swashed Characters, Ligatures, Glyphs
  • Ligatures (fi, fl) prevent clashing strokes; InDesign auto-substitutes them.

  • Glyph variations (finials, leakages) improve aesthetics and fix clashes (e.g., F + i).

Numeral Styles

  • Old-style numerals (non-aligned) fit running text, common in historical/math texts.

  • Lining numerals (uppercase) look modern, good for headlines.

  • Choice depends on context.

Readability

Fig. 1.3.3. Typeface Anatomy (Legibility)
  • Recommended well-proportioned fonts: Garamond, Minion, Caslon, Times, Frutiger, Univers, Futura, Helvetica.

  • Legibility depends on spacing: baseline (characters sit), cap line, descender line.

Capitals
  • All caps are good for headlines/subheads, but poor for long text.

  • Small caps preferred for acronyms/emphasis in body text.

Formatting & Effects

Fig. 1.3.4. Special Styles on Typefaces
  • Outlines/shadows/strokes over 1 pt reduce readability.

  • Stretching/squeezing fonts distorts design; avoid except for rare artistic cases.


1.4. Lecture 4 (Publishing Design: The Grid)

The grid is a practical and historical tool in publishing design, essential for creating order, coherence, and clarity in visual communication. It functions as a modular, constructive framework that reflects the designer’s mental attitude, beliefs, and values.

Historically, the grid emerged during the modernist period, influenced by rationalism and designers like El Lissitzky and Moholy-Nagy, who used it to organize space systematically. The Futura typeface, for example, was designed on geometric grid principles, showing how grids shaped modern design aesthetics.

Fig. 1.4.1. Raster Systeme: Grid

Practically, grids arrange text, images, diagrams, and captions in a clear and logical manner, enhancing readability and comprehension. They ensure body text, subtext, and images remain visually distinct yet cohesive, while margins, gutters, and hang lines contribute to balance and overall aesthetic appeal.

"The grid is modular in nature." -Mr. Vinod

The modular structure of grids allows for flexibility and variation, keeping layouts engaging across multiple pages without losing coherence. Designers may combine different grid formulas, but excessive variation risks creating confusion.

Importantly, the grid is not a constraint but an expression of rational, functional, and aesthetic design principles. It works subtly in the background, supporting the content and letting information take center stage. Mastery of the grid lies in understanding its flexibility, using it as a hidden framework that opens new possibilities for creative, innovative, and engaging layouts.


1.5. Lecture 5 (Publishing Design: Elements)

In publishing design, the main elements are text, visuals, and color, all working within a grid system to create effective layouts. Text involves choosing typefaces and maintaining consistency, often by using a single type family. Visual elements include images, graphics, and pictorial components, which bring balance and interest. Color is used either as a focal point or a subtle support, adding variation and emphasis in text-heavy pages.

"Don't fall into the trap of predictability" -Mr. Vinod

Design principles stress balancing variation and consistency: variation keeps layouts engaging, while consistency ensures cohesiveness. The grid system organizes elements logically and attractively, allowing modular layouts that can be rotated for surprise without losing harmony. Variations may include large images with captions, side-by-side text and visuals, or full-page visuals with text.

Practical steps include planning with thumbnail sketches, setting margins, and selecting typefaces early. Designers should create variation within the grid while maintaining overall harmony, avoiding monotony. Color use must be deliberate, either to highlight or to provide subtle shifts in dense text pages.

Technical factors include ensuring page counts are divisible by four, since books are printed in 16-page signatures, and planning varied layouts across spreads to keep the reading dynamic. The grid may be adjusted during the process to fit content and visual direction. Overall, successful book design depends on careful placement of elements, thoughtful variation, and consistency, guided by research and design intent.



2. INSTRUCTIONS

Fig. 2.1. Module Information Booklet (MIB)

3. PROCESS WORK

3.1. Task 1 Exercise 1: Mock Up - Book Size

Task Brief
Use two A4 sheets of paper and tape them together along the center. Draw squares of various sizes on the combined sheet to visualize different potential book dimensions. Highlight and select the size you prefer for your final book format. Create another sample using this chosen size and cut it out accordingly.

Work Process
The paper was folded into half horizontally, the drawn. The lecturer adds some notes about publishing a book in the left part of the paper.

Fig. 3.1.1. Exercise 1: Mock Up Book Size #1 (JPEG - 06/10/2025)

Then the selected size (178mm x 229mm) was cut out.

Fig. 3.1.2. Exercise 1: Mock Up Book Size #2 (JPEG - 06/10/2025)

3.2. Task 1 Exercise 2: Signatures

Task Brief
The purpose of this task is to understand the anatomy of signatures in publishing. For the demonstration, a landscaped A4 sheet was folded in half vertically four times, and the pages were numbered. The spine area was then stapled to bind the pages together. Finally, the folded edge was cut so that the sheet formed individual pages.

Work Process

Fig. 3.2.1. Exercise 2: Signatures #1 (JPEG - 06/10/2025)

Fig. 3.2.2. Exercise 2: Signatures #2 (JPEG - 06/10/2025)

3.3. Task 1 Exercise 3: The Van De Graaf Grid

Task Brief
The purpose of this task is to demonstrate the process of constructing a Van de Graaf grid for visualization or experimental use. For this activity, two A4 sheets were taped together along the middle edge to form an A3-sized paper. Using a ruler and pencil, equally spaced parallel lines were drawn across the surface to generate the grid pattern. This hands-on exercise focuses on precision in measurement and alignment, reinforcing the importance of accuracy and technique in preparing experimental apparatus for scientific demonstrations.

Work Process

Fig. 3.3.1. Exercise 3: The Van de Graaf Grid  #1 (JPEG - 06/10/2025)

3.4. Task 1 Exercise 3A: Digitalization of The Van De Graaf Grid
Task Brief
The purpose of this task is to understand the anatomy of signatures in publishing. For then a landscaped A4 sheet was folded.

Work Process

Fig. 3.4.1. Exercise 3A: Digitalization of Van De Graaf  #1 (PDF - 14/10/2025)

Fig. 3.4.2. Exercise 3A: Digitalization of Van De Graaf  #1 (PDF - 14/10/2025)

3.5. Task 1 Exercise 4: Movement

Task Brief
Create a two-page visual narrative using simple forms and limited color, focusing on movement and transitions—not decoration. Use grids to manipulate shape size and position, ensuring clarity and simplicity throughout the sequence.

Work Process

Fig. 3.5.1. Exercise 4: Form & Movement #1 (PDF - 15/10/2025)

Fig. 3.5.2. Exercise 4: Form & Movement #2 (PDF - 15/10/2025)


3.6. Task 2: Content Generation (Publishing Content)

Task Brief
For this project, we are required to design and produce a 32-page book containing approximately 3,000 words. The final book must be smaller than A4 but larger than A5 in size. The dimensions I have chosen are 178mm x 239mm.

Work Process
For my book, I chose to write approximately 3,000 words about my photography journey, beginning from the moment it was merely a casual interest and gradually developing into a focused practice beyond just a hobby. My growth and identity as a photographer today are largely shaped by my mentor, whose guidance played a significant role in my development.

A major portion of the book reflects on the lessons he taught me, both in photography and in life. Our relationship grew beyond that of a typical teacher and student, evolving into a close friendship that eventually felt more like a brotherhood. Through this journey, I express deep gratitude for the experiences I have gained and for the mentor who guided me along the way.

Before starting the design process in Adobe InDesign, I first wrote the full three thousand words and planned the overall structure of the book in a Google Docs file.


Fig. 3.6.1. Book Content (PDF - 18/10/2025)

All of the photographs featured in this book are my own creative works. The only exceptions are a few documentation images, especially those where I appear in the frame, which were taken by other people.

Fig. 3.6.2. Highlighted Parts For Visuals (PDF - 18/10/2025)

The photographs presented in this book are primarily my own artistic works. However, several images that serve as documentation, particularly those in which I appear in the frame, were taken by other photographers.

Fig. 3.6.3. Compiled Photographs For The Book's Visuals (PDF - 28/10/2025)


3.7. Task 3: Publishing a Book

Work Process
Before starting the layout design, I went back to Exercise 4 Movement and adapted it for my book to see how the layouts could flow from one page to the next. After that, I started planning the layout and developing the overall design of the book, which took about two weeks to finish.

Fig. 3.7.1. Book Design Layout & Composition Draft (PDF - 3/11/2025)

After that, I continued by creating a contact sheet for the book layout design I had just completed. The contact sheet was printed on A3 paper and submitted to Ms. Vitiyaa for feedback. She provided several comments, including notes on orphans, alignment, and composition. In the end, she mentioned that the work was solid overall and said she was proud of the outcome. She also signed the contact sheet.


Fig. 3.7.2. Contact Sheet & Feedback (JPEG - 5/11/2025)

I also designed the book cover at a later stage. The cover features three circles, one white circle and two red circles formed from the letter o. This concept represents my journey of following my mentor path, with the hope that one day I can become a mentor to someone else and continue the chain.


Fig. 3.7.3. Final Book Cover Design (JPEG - 19/11/2025)

After receiving feedback on the printed contact sheet, I continued to revise the design based on what Ms. Vitiyaa shared and spent more time analyzing it, identifying mistakes and areas for improvement. I then created a new contact sheet and consulted Ms. Vitiyaa again, after which she approved it. Shown here is the approved contact sheet.

Fig. 3.7.4. Final Contact Sheet (PDF - 20/11/2025)

Here is the final spreads for the book including the cover page.

Fig. 3.7.5. Final Book Spreads (PDF - 26/11/2025)

Printing Process
The first print was done at Mummy Design, and the second until the fourth prints were also produced there. During the printing process, a few design issues appeared. The font I used was ITC Avant Garde Gothic Pro set to one hundred percent CMYK. Using full values for cyan, magenta, yellow, and black caused the black ink to bleed into the paper. There was also one page where an image was missing. This was a printing error, as the image was present in my InDesign file, which led me to proceed with a second print. I also realized that I needed to add more space to the inside margins because the content was too packed.

Fig. 3.7.6. First Try Print (JPEG - 27/11/2025)

After the second print, I noticed that some of the text was not the black color I had intended. I also realized that the inside margins had only been applied to the right pages, while the left pages needed the same spacing. Instead of sending single pages, as Mummy Design preferred, I insisted on sending the book in spreads to ensure consistency.


Fig. 3.7.7. Second Try Print (JPEG - 3/12/2025)

On the third print, I finally resolved the text bleeding issue by using registration black or the standard #000000 black. Below, I included a picture comparing the previous bleeding from 100 percent CMYK black with the regular black, which appears thinner. However, the printing still had errors. The page that previously had a missing image now had the image doubled. Because of time constraints and the printing shop policy, I decided to go for another print. Even though Ms. Vitiyaa said it was fine since the mistake was on their side, I felt the artist’s need for perfection and wanted everything to be completely right.


Fig. 3.7.8. Third Try Print (JPEG - 5/12/2025)


Fig. 3.7.9. Third Try Print (MP4 - 5/12/2025)

After the fourth print, I realized that it was good enough. Ms. Vitiyaa told me that I would always notice mistakes when I looked back, but that the work was solid and well done.


Fig. 3.7.10. Fourth Try Print (MP4 - 13/12/2025)


This picture was taken when some of my classmates and I went together to Mummy Design to print the book. We were also printing other group projects at the same time, which is why my laptop screen was not showing the publishing process.

Fig. 3.7.11. Mummy Design Printing Process (JPEG - 27/11/2025)

3.8. Task 3: Promotional Poster

Promotional Poster
Fig. 3.8.1. Promotional Poster (JPEG - 5/12/2025)

Promotional Poster Mock-Up

Fig. 3.8.2. Promotional Poster Mock-Up #1 (JPEG - 5/12/2025)

Fig. 3.8.2. Promotional Poster Mock-Up #2 (JPEG - 5/12/2025)

3.9. Task 3: Presentation

Presentation Process
Fig. 3.9.1. Presentation Slides (PDF - 8/12/2025)


Fig. 3.9.2. In Class Presentation Process (JPEG - 10/12/2025)

3.10. Task 3: E-Book Publication FINAL OUTCOME




4. FINAL OUTCOME

Fig. 4.1. Final Outcome of  'Obscuran Head Who Taught Me Book in Spreads' (PDF - 20/11/2025)

Fig. 4.2. Final Outcome of  'Obscuran Head Who Taught Me Book Contact Page' (PDF - 26/11/2025)

Fig. 4.3. Final Outcome of  'Obscuran Head Who Taught Me Book Promotional Poster' (JPEG - 5/12/2025)

Fig. 4.3. Final Outcome of  'Obscuran Head Who Taught Me Book Promotional Poster Mockup #1' (JPEG - 5/12/2025)

Fig. 4.4. Final Outcome of  'Obscuran Head Who Taught Me Book Promotional Poster Mockup #2' (JPEG - 5/12/2025)

Fig. 4.5. Final Outcome of 'Obscuran Head Who Taught Me Book Presentation Slides' (PDF - 8/12/2025)



5. FEEDBACK

Week 13
Specific Feedback:
Well done.

Week 12
General Feedback:
Presented all the slides about the book.
Specific Feedback:
No specific feedback.

Week 11
General Feedback:
Prepare for next week final outcome presentation for five minutes per individual.
Specific Feedback:
Do not waste money printing a new book because of the bleed, but you can if you insist.

Week 10
Specific Feedback:
The space between "Obscuran Head" "who" "taught me" is too much. It does not align with your layout for the content. Your book content layout is more compact.

Week 9
Specific Feedback:
Good work, proud of your work. Make alterations on orphans, organize the kernings and tracking, and adjust some spreads regarding the layout.

Week 8
Specific Feedback:
Make the leading looser to improve readability and spacing between lines. Avoid using gradients, as they often print poorly and may look uneven on paper. A black background feels too heavy and can disrupt visual balance. In CMYK, using K100 alone is not pure black,  use Registration Black for a deep, rich black. Adjust the text color in the final stage to show more refined design work. Treat this as a coffee table book, replicate the layout and composition first, then refine and edit it later.

Week 7
General Feedback:
Ms. Vitiyaa gave a detailed tutorial on setting up documents in InDesign, emphasizing master pages, facing pages, bleed, columns, and grids. Grid settings can be adjusted later for Exercise 4 since the book layout will be finalized in InDesign. Use only CMYK Photoshop (.TIFF) files, vectors, or EPS formats, avoid PNG or JPEG. She also showed how to enable Overprint Preview for print quality and how to create Paragraph Styles for headings and body text, as well as image placeholders for automatic cropping.

Week 6
General Feedback:
Refer to the notes provided for a clearer understanding of the content requirements that need to be included in the book.

Week 5
General Feedback:
Finish the exercise given to understand the basic tutorial of the module and guide you for the upcoming tasks.

Week 4
General Feedback:
A grid should be used to maintain alignment, balance, focus, and consistency.

Week 3
General Feedback:
Explanation brief for the final publishing task started from Task 2, the drafting of the storybook itself. Finish the exercises.

Week 2
General Feedback:
Since our class is faster paced, there is a lot of time to design the book. Do not rush; create the best outcome possible. Watch the pre-recorded lecture of Mr. Vinod. Finish the exercises and document them on your blog.
Specific Feedback:
In publishing a book, choose a book size carefully. The number of pages determines the thickness of the spine. Consider the inside front cover (IFC), inside back cover (IBC), front cover (FC), and back cover (BC).

Week 1
General Feedback:
Module briefing and pre-recorded lecture.


6. REFLECTION

Experience
This module has been an eye-opening journey that challenged me in ways I did not anticipate. From the very start, Ms. Vitiyaa guided us clearly, providing advice and support that helped me navigate the process from concept development to the final printed book. We were tasked with creating a fully bound book using our own written content and photographs, which required taking responsibility for every stage of production.

Learning Adobe InDesign was central to this journey. I spent a significant amount of time mastering layout structures, grids, paragraph styles, and maintaining consistency across over a hundred pages. Writing my poems for the book was also a rewarding part of the process, allowing me to connect my love of writing with visual storytelling.

Preparing images for print was another important skill I developed. I learned how to convert and batch-process photographs from RGB to CMYK TIFFs in Photoshop, which significantly reduced the time needed for this otherwise labor-intensive task. Despite these preparations, printing brought unexpected challenges. Multiple reprints were necessary due to margin errors, alignment issues, and realizing too late that the inner margins needed to be increased to accommodate the spine.

Printing the book also highlighted the importance of seeing the full layout physically. Ms. Vitiyaa required us to print all pages as an A3 contact sheet. While it initially felt like extra work, this exercise became one of the most valuable parts of the process. Viewing all pages together allowed me to spot unbalanced spreads, inconsistent images, and layout issues that would have been impossible to detect when examining pages individually.

The experience with the printing shop was another learning opportunity. Disorganization and mishandling of prints caused delays and mistakes, from color changes to missing images. These issues taught me the importance of giving precise instructions, checking the print process carefully, and exercising patience.

Observation
Throughout this module, I realized that the details truly define publishing design. Typography choices, spacing, alignment, margins, and type hierarchy all influenced the visual feel of each spread. The consistency of grids became crucial, as even minor misalignments were immediately noticeable in print.

I also observed the difference between digital and printed outputs. Colors on screen were more vibrant, while printed colors appeared muted. Font sizes looked different in print, reinforcing the necessity of test prints and physical reviews. The A3 contact sheet layout proved invaluable, allowing me to evaluate the book holistically rather than page by page.

Another key observation was that external factors, such as printing staff, environment, and workflow, can significantly affect the final product. Even the best design can be compromised if these factors are not managed. Being present during printing and overseeing each step helped ensure the outcome aligned with my vision.

Findings
This module taught me that publishing design requires both artistic vision and technical precision. Producing a printed book demands patience, as even small mistakes can trigger a chain of problems. Understanding print requirements, from CMYK conversion to bleed settings, inner margins, paper weight, and binding, is as crucial as the creative process itself.

Reviewing layouts physically is an invaluable step. Digital mock-ups are helpful, but holding printed pages, comparing them side by side, and analyzing contact sheets revealed problems invisible on screen. Material choices, including paper texture, weight, and cover finish, also greatly impact the reader's perception of the book.

Creating content for the book was a deeply reflective process. Writing about my personal journey required revisiting both pleasant and challenging memories. This task pushed me to articulate my experiences clearly and thoughtfully while considering how they would be visualized across the book. 
Drawing inspiration from authors I admire helped me shape the narrative and bring my story to life.

The process of compiling the final book was both stressful and rewarding. Aligning text, images, and layout details while navigating printing challenges taught me to pay meticulous attention to the smallest details. Every step, from ideation and mood boards to final print, contributed to developing my skills in editorial design and print production.

7. FURTHER READING

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